APPLE 5 PHONE SPECIFICATIONS

Apple on Wednesday has finally revealed a new phone that's taller and has a bigger display. iPhone 5 comes in either white and silver or black and slate, and will be available in the US for a suggested retail price of $199 (US) for the 16GB model and $299 (US) for the 32GB model and $399 (US) for the 64GB model.

iPhone 5 will be available in the US, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and the UK on Friday, September 21, and customers can pre-order their iPhone 5 beginning Friday, September 14.

iPhone 5 will be available from the Apple Online Store (www.apple.com), Apple's retail stores, and through AT&T, Sprint, Verizon Wireless and select Apple Authorized Resellers.

iPhone 5 will roll out worldwide to 22 more countries on September 28, including Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.


Even though it's taller than the iPhone 4S, it's lighter. The bigger screen - 4 inches measured diagonally - creates room for another row of icons on the screen and lets widescreen movies fit better. Previous iPhone models carried 3.5-inch screens.

Even video and photos look more lush on the iPhone 5's bigger and better screen. The device is also speedier because of a more powerful processing chip and upgraded wireless technology that accelerates Web surfing.

Apple also has equipped the iPhone 5 with a superior sound system, courtesy of the new headphones that the company says it spent three years developing. The headphones, called "EarPods," are a vast improvement on the ear buds that Apple has been giving away with its devices for more than a decade. The new headphones actually

stay in your ears and make it seem as if the sound is playing inside your head. The EarPods come free with the iPhone 5, and they sounded as good as $100 headphones sold by a variety of other companies.

The new iOS also offers a feature called "Passbook," where digital coupons, airline tickets and gift cards can be conveniently stored in one location. This, too, is going to be popular.

iPhone 5 tech specifications:

- Display: 4-inch (diagonal) with a resolution of 1136 by 640 pixels.
- Memory capacity: 16, 32 or 64 gigabytes, depending on price. There's no way to expand it with memory cards.
- Price: Starting at $199, for 16 gigabytes of memory.
- Size: height: 4.87 inches; width: 2.31 inches; depth: 0.30 inch (124 x 59 x 7.6 mm)
- Weight: 3.95 ounces (112 grams)
- Cameras: 8-megapixel camera on back, 1.2-megapixel on front.
- Video recording: high-definition (1080p - comparable to the resolution of a 40-inch flat panel TV) up to 30 frames per second with audio
- Battery life: talk time is up to 8 hours on 3G. Internet works for up to 8 hours on LTE and up to 10 hours on Wi-Fi. Up to 10 hours of video playback. Battery can be replaced by service personnel only.
- US wireless carriers: Verizon Wireless, AT&T, Sprint Nextel and others.
- Network compatibility: 3G networks worldwide, plus 4G LTE networks in the US, Canada, Japan, Germany, UK, Australia, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore.
- Operating system: Apple's iOS 6 (will also be available for download to older iPhone models)
- Near-field communications: Not available.

	2G Network	GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 - GSM A1428
		CDMA 800 / 1900 / 2100 - CDMA A1429
	3G Network	HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1900 / 2100 - GSM A1428
		CDMA2000 1xEV-DO - CDMA A1429
	4G Network	LTE 700 MHz Class 17 / 1700 / 2100 - GSM A1428 or LTE 850 / 1800 / 2100 - GSM A1429
		LTE 700 / 850 / 1800 / 1900 / 2100 - CDMA A1429
	SIM	Nano-SIM
	Announced	2012, September
	Status	Available. Released 2012, September

BODY	Dimensions	123.8 x 58.6 x 7.6 mm (4.87 x 2.31 x 0.30 in)
	Weight	112 g (3.95 oz)

DISPLAY	Type	LED-backlit IPS TFT, capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors
	Size	640 x 1136 pixels, 4.0 inches (~326 ppi pixel density)
	Multitouch	Yes
	Protection	Corning Gorilla Glass, oleophobic coating

SOUND	Alert types	Vibration, proprietary ringtones
	Loudspeaker	Yes
	3.5mm jack	Yes

MEMORY	Card slot	No
	Internal	16/32/64 GB storage, 1 GB RAM

DATA	GPRS	Yes
	EDGE	Yes
	Speed	DC-HSDPA, 42 Mbps; HSDPA, 21 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.76 Mbps, LTE, 100 Mbps; EV-DO Rev. A, up to 3.1 Mbps
	WLAN	Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, dual-band, Wi-Fi hotspot
	Bluetooth	Yes, v4.0 with A2DP
	USB	Yes, v2.0

CAMERA	Primary	8 MP, 3264x2448 pixels, autofocus, LED flash, check quality
	Features	Simultaneous HD video and image recording, touch focus, geo-tagging, face detection, panorama, HDR
	Video	Yes, 1080p@30fps, LED video light, video stabilization, geo-tagging, check quality
	Secondary	Yes, 1.2 MP, 720p@30fps, face detection, FaceTime over Wi-Fi or Cellular

FEATURES	OS	iOS 6
	Chipset	Apple A6
	CPU	Dual-core 1.2 GHz
	GPU	PowerVR SGX 543MP3 (triple-core graphics)
	Sensors	Accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass
	Messaging	iMessage, SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, Push Email
	Browser	HTML (Safari)
	Radio	No
	GPS	Yes, with A-GPS support and GLONASS
	Java	No
	Colors	Black/Slate, White/Silver
		- Active noise cancellation with dedicated mic - Siri natural language commands and dictation - iCloud cloud service - Twitter and Facebook integration - TV-out - Maps - iBooks PDF reader - Audio/video player/editor - Organizer - Document viewer - Image viewer/editor - Voice memo/dial/command - Predictive text input

BATTERY		Standard battery, Li-Po 1440 mAh (5.45 Wh)
	Stand-by	Up to 225 h (2G) / Up to 225 h (3G)
	Talk time	Up to 8 h (2G) / Up to 8 h (3G)
	Music play	Up to 40 h

MISC	SAR US	1.18 W/kg (head)     1.18 W/kg (body)
	SAR EU	0.95 W/kg (head)     0.90 W/kg (body)

TESTS	Display	Contrast ratio: 1320:1 (nominal) / 3.997:1 (sunlight)
	Loudspeaker	Voice 66dB / Noise 66dB / Ring 67dB
	Audio quality	Noise -91.3dB / Crosstalk -76.5dB
	Camera	Photo / Video
	Battery life	Endurance rating 51h

HISTORY OF THE ROYAL ENFIELD

Royal Enfield did not just manufacture motorcycles; indeed the English engineering company portrayed a strong lineage of necessity beyond boundaries of ordinary realms. Yes! Driven by sheer necessity and manufactured with the state-of-the-art engineering capabilities, Enfield was initially associated with military requirements. In its earlier days, the company built lawnmowers, bicycles and even rifle parts for some Arms Factory. The company’s motto of “Made like a Gun and goes like a Bullet” reflects Enfield’s strong involvement with the military needs.

Spanning over three centuries the company is in the path of making its impact felt in even now in this new millennium. Lets sift through the Enfield’s landmark achievements since it raced against cars and fought the wars.

• 1898: Produced first motorized vehicle equipped with a 2.75hp De Dion-Bouton engine. Today, this motorized vehicle is known by the name Quad.
• 1901: launched a bicycle that’s fitted with a 150cc engine on the front wheel.
• 1902: improved vehicle with a 239cc Enfield engine mounted over the front wheel of the bicycle.
• 1907: produced an all-day automobile with company name as All days & onions. However, the vehicle manufactured was there in production until 1925, popularly referred as All day Automobiles with the word onion dropped.
• 1910: launched V-twins type, a Motosacoche 344 cc engine.
• 1915: during the World War I, Enfield needed to manufacture motorcycles that would be equipped to carry machine guns with stretcher-bearing capacity, on request of the British Armed Forces. It was during this time that the first small 2-stroke engine seen the light of the day.
• 1917: Royal Enfield supplied machines to Russians as well. The phase saw a team of women police force riding the 600cc Royal Enfield bikes.
• 1924-1930: the phase of WWI and the aftermath did not affect the growth of sales of Royal Enfield. The company upgraded its engine and added features such as girder front forks, saddle tanks and center spring to give the bulls of Royal Enfield a more contemporary look. Further upgrading led to the launch of 488cc machine with a four-speed gearbox in the year 1927 and soon by 30s, Royal Enfield had thirteen featured models and the birth of famous Bullet cylinder took place during this phase.
• 1939-1945: As the world again fought the bloodied wars, Royal Enfield rose to the occasion and supplied the countries with machines and motorcycles for military purposes. The model 125cc Flying Flea became quite popular, and was referred as Airborne, because of its capacity of being dropped by a parachute. War instruments were also manufactured by Royal Enfield during this period.
• 1950s: Enfield India began manufacturing machines with parts being brought from Britain.
• 1962: Enfield India began producing complete motorcycles indigenously while it retained all essential traditions from Enfield.
• 1965-Until Now: Shifting of production from Redditch England to Chennai plant in India.

The name Royal Enfield lived on with its full life, as Indian bought the denomination rights. However, in the year 1986, Raja Narayan, a civil servant from Britain created an Export arm for Royal Enfield India, and as of now, it’s the most famous model Bullet that is being marketed in Britain.

Thus, Royal Enfield claims to be the “world’s oldest motorcycle” still striving to stride well in the global as well as Indian market nevertheless been enticing Enfield enthusiasts but more importantly has become a benchmark standard for other bike manufacturers and still dedicating to the biking in the truest sense!

LIST OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

1896                                   - Athens

1900                                  - Paris

1904                                  - St. Louis

1906                                 - Athens ("Unoffficial")

1908                                 - London

1912                                 - Stockholm

1916                                 - Not held

1920                                 - Antwerp

1924                                 - Paris

1928                                - Amsterdam

1932                                - Los Angeles

1936                                - Berlin

1940                               - Not held

1944                               - Not held

1948                               - London

1952                               - Helsinki

1956                              - Melbourne

1960                              - Rome

1964                              - Tokyo

1968                              - Mexico City

1972                              - Munich

1976                             - Montreal

1980                             - Moscow

1984                             - Los Angeles

1988                             - Seoul

1992                             - Barcelona

1996                             - Atlanta

2000                             - Sydney

2004                              - Athens

2008                              - Beijing

2012                                            - LONDON

SIR C.V.RAMAN BIOGRAPHY

     

 Sir Chandra sekhara Venkata Raman, (7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist whose work was influential in the growth of science in India. He was the recipient of the “ Nobel Prize for Physics” in 1930 for the discovery that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the light that is deflected changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called Raman scattering and is the result of the Raman effect.

                               

                  

Early years:

Venkat Raman born in Thiruvanaikaval near Tiruchirappalli Madras Province, in British India to R. Chandrasekhara Iyer and Parvati Ammal (Saptarshi Parvati). He was the second of their five children. At an early age, Raman moved to the city of  Vizag Andhra Pradesh. Studied in St.Aloysius Anglo-Indian High School. His father was a lecturer in Mathematics and physics at Presidency College (Madras) which Raman entered in 1902 at the age of 11. In 1904 he passed his B.A. examination in first place and won the gold medal in physics, and in 1907 he gained his M.A. degree with the highest distinctions.

Career:

 

In 1917, Raman resigned from his government service and took up the newly created Palit Professorship in Physics at the University of Calcutta. At the same time, he continued doing research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta, where he became the Honorary Secretary. Raman used to refer to this period as the golden era of his career. Many students gathered around him at the IACS and the University of Calcutta.

On February 28, 1928, Raman led experiments at the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science with collaborators, including K. S. Krishan, on the scattering of light, when he discovered the Raman effect. A detailed account of this period is reported in the biography by. It was instantly clear that this discovery was of huge value. It gave further proof of the quantum nature of light. Raman had a complicated professional relationship with K. S. Krishan, who did not surprisingly share the award, but is mentioned prominently even in the Nobel lecture.

Raman spectroscopy came to be based on this phenomenon, and Ernest Rutherford referred to it in his presidential address to the Royal Society in 1929. Raman was president of the 16th session  of the Indian Science Congress in 1929. He was conferred a knighthood, and medals and honorary doctorates by various universities. Raman was confident of winning the Nobel Prize in Physics as well, and was disappointed when the Nobel Prize went to Richardson in 1928 and to de Broglie in 1929. He was so confident of winning the prize in 1930 that he booked tickets in July, even though the awards were to be announced in November, and would scan each day's newspaper for announcement of the prize, tossing it away if it did not carry the news. He did eventually win the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him". He was the first Asian and first non-White to receive any Nobel Prize in the sciences. Before him Rabindranath Tagore (also Indian) had received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.

Raman and Bhagavantam discovered the quantum photon spin in 1932, which further confirmed the quantum nature of light. During
his tenure at IISc, he recruited the then talented electrical engineering student, G._N._Ramachandran, who later was a distinguished X-ray crystallographer himself. Raman also worked on the acoustics of musical instruments. He worked out the theory of transverse vibration of bowed strings, on the basis of superposition velocities. He was also the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such as the  tabla and the mridangam.

Raman and his student, Nagendra Nath, of Mim high school, provided the correct theoretical explanation for the acousto-optic effect (light scattering by sound waves), in a series of articles resulting in the celebrated Raman-Nath theory. Modulators, and switching systems based on this effect have enabled optical communication components based on laser systems.

In 1934, Raman became the assistant director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, where two years later he continued as a professor of physics. Other investigations carried out by Raman were experimental and theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies (published 1934–1942), and those on the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light.

He also started a company called CV Chemical and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in 1943 along with Dr.Krish namurthy. The Company during its 60 year history, established four factories in Southern India. In 1947, he was appointed as the first National Professor by the new Government of Independent India.

In 1948, Raman, through studying the spectroscopic behavior of crystals, approached in a new manner fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. He dealt with the structure and properties of diamond, the structure and optical behavior of numerous  iridescent substances labradorite, pearly feldspar,     agate, opal, and pearls). Among his other interests were the optics of colloids, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.

Personal life:

He was married on 6 May 1907 to Lokasundari Ammal (1892–1980) with whom he had two sons, Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan. On his religious views, he was said to be an agnostic. Raman retired from the Indian Institute of Science in 1944 and established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, Karnataka a year later. He served as its director and remained active there until his death in 1970, in Bangalore, at the age of 82.C.V. Raman was the paternal uncle of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1983) for his discovery of the Chandrasekhar limit in 1931 and for his subsequent work on the nuclear reactions necessary for stellar evolution.
Honours and awards :

Raman was honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career (1924) and knighted in 1929. In 1930 he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1941 he was awarded the Franklin Medal. In 1954 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna. He was also awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957. In 1998, the American Chemical Society and Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science recognized Raman's discovery as an International Historic Chemical Landmark. India Celebrates National Science Day on 28 February of every year to commemorate the discovery of the Raman effect in 1928.